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Protein S is a multifunctional plasma protein, whose deficiency, results in a rare congenital thrombophilia, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It can aggravate the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy, when it presents in parallel with the condition, leading to adverse maternal outcomes and foetal loss. A 35-year-old female third gravida having previous 2 deliveries by Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) presented to emergency at 10 weeks pregnancy with chief complaints of pain and swelling in left thigh since 4-5 days. After thorough investigations and work-up, the patient was diagnosed with Protein S deficiency. She was managed conservatively and was delivered by elective LSCS with bilateral tubal ligation at 38 weeks of gestation with good foetal and maternal outcomes.The rarity of Protein S deficiency along with the successful outcome of the pregnancy makes this a unique case.Copyright © 2023 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: At the onset of Covid-19 pandemic, it was an unknown entity in terms of risk status of the pregnant women for fetomaternal outcome. Both fetus and pregnant women were considered as groups under special concern due to their unique physiological characteristics. Method(s): A retrospective study was conducted in department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology along with Paediatrics department in Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan on pregnant females admitted to the Covid-19 Ward/ ICU over a period from August 2020 till 31st March 2022. Participants were included into 3 waves of pandemic based upon time of presentation and these 3 groups were further studied for the various fetomaternal parameters such as maternal age, symptom status, need for respiratory support, maternal mortality, abortions, still births, gestational age and weight of newborn and other morbidity and mortality in newborns. Result(s): A total of 171 pregnant were included in the study, of whom 47, 64 and 60 were seen in 1st, 2nd and 3rd waves respectively. Majority of subjects were asymptomatic in 1st, 2nd & 3rd wave, (p=0.30). Age wise distribution of the patients showed majority subjects in the age group of 20-30 years (p= 0.94). LSCS rates in 3 waves were not different significantly (p = 0.67). Maternal mortality rates and need for respiratory support were in similar proportions in all 3 waves (p=0.71) and (p=0.73) respectively. No significant difference was seen in maternal morbidity and neonatal outcome. Conclusion(s): The study showed no significant difference between the waves of Covid-19 pandemic in terms of fetomaternal outcome except no maternal mortality in 3rd wave. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Brain, the most powerful object in the universe, consumes only a few watts of energy. To replicate it, a nuclear power plant will be necessary, and this powerhouse is the sole controller of the human body. Normally, the brain is divided into two parts, with the left and right hemispheres working independently. The right half of the brain tends to cause mental tension and anxiety, exacerbating the present physiological condition like the current COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was done in the Durg district of Chhattisgarh, which is one of the hardest hit epicenters of the COVID-19 second wave in India. According to this survey, the majority of women of all ages are right brained, meaning their right hemisphere predominates over their left. They are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses than men because they are more inventive and creative thinkers. To avoid this circumstance, stress-relieving activities have been developed.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide concern ever since first being reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. With no known cure, there is widespread fear-provoking interest in studying the factors contributing to mortality. Aim and Objectives: The current study was undertaken with a view to try to understand the cause of morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study done in our Institution on COVID-19 patients admitted over a course of 3 months after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: We had 17 deaths over the period under consideration whereas 73 patients improved (mortality = 19%, n = 90). Most of the patients were in the 41–80 years age group (>70%). No gender preponderance was found with mortality in each being around 20%. A clear correlation between co-morbidities and mortality was found with no person without any comorbidity succumbing to the disease. Respiratory and Heart conditions were found to contribute most to mortality with patients presenting with shortness of breath being most at risk. Similarly, a Neutrophil: Lymphocyte ratio greater than 12 was found to significantly increase the mortality. Conclusion: Patients with comorbidities need to be monitored closely with treatment being directed at improving the respiratory outcome.
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The world and its ways of living have seen a massive change post the Covid lockdown in multiple aspects as, new practices, new trends and a new lifestyle of maintaining social distancing has wholly altered the world's standard. This change has severely affected the ways of learning, teaching and schooling as in-person classes have shifted to online live courses. But the available platforms of online classes don't provide a classroom-like feel, thereby creating hindrance in students learning process and diminishing the quality of education. This study provides a novel paradigm with complete architecture and implementation of a platform that caters explicitly to online learning and lives classes with provisions to provide class like atmosphere. It aims to do so with graded feature break down aided by a detailed description and plans to set up, build maintain such a paradigm from both technical administration fronts. In addition to the above, it further provides a framework that helps colleges education institutes to conduct "in-person classes"after pandemic enervates while following norms of social distancing. © 2021 IEEE.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared a virulent epidemic by many around the world as it has caused a state of lockdown in most parts of the globe, which besets a great economic impact on the world economy. In lieu of this crisis, it is important to comprehend and estimate the total loss in order to perform crisis management and mitigate the decimation of economy. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the impact from the perspective of the Indian economy, with special emphasis on the service sector. Since the service sector forms the most colossus and cardinal part of the Indian economy, this research estimates the potential decline in the GDP and employment contributions of the service sector and its various subsectors. Methods: It implements contemporary regression models to fulfill the mentioned objective by analyzing how the potential decline, as predicted by the IMF, in gross domestic product (GDP) will affect the service sectors and its various subsectors. This is accomplished in four stages: (1) data selection and comprehension of the features dataset for each subsector, (2) understanding the co-dependency of various features, (3) using regression techniques to predict values, and (4) error calculation and results. Additionally, it also presents an elaborated and comprehensive explanation of the same, thereby suggesting some potential solutions to ameliorate the decline. Results: This research is a compendium of the aftereffects that the Indian economy will face post-COVID-19 breakdown. 1.The travel and tourism subsector faces a steep drop of 20.702%, while its employment contribution declines by 59.052%.2.Finance, real estate and business services sector’s contribution to GDP will see a gigantic drop of 20% in the first quarter, which will step down to 88.65% toward the last quarter of the coming economic year, while the sector’s contribution to employment will see an enormous decline of 98.96%.3.The contribution of trade, transportation, and communication undergoes a vast drop of 92.007% toward its GDP contribution, while its employment contribution has a hefty decline of 63.555%. Conclusion: This study explicitly evaluates and elaborates the economic perspective of the aftereffects of the pandemic across each of the major subsector category of the service sector of India for the fiscal year 2020–2021. It studies successfully and maps the impact of the pandemic on the Indian economy, thereby paving way to identify the solutions to mitigate the same. It also provides a set of preventive measures to address the issues identified. In future work, this study attempts to explore the social economic effects of the same in the post-COVID-19 world. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 infection was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. As COVID-19 infection spreads rapidly, its potential effects on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes have become a major concern. Therefore, pregnant women require special attention in terms of managing COVID-19 infections. The aims of this review were to discuss the clinical manifestations, investigations, and diagnosis of COVID-19;the effect of COVID-19 on the mother and the fetus;and the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy. © 2021, Himalaya Wellness Company. All rights reserved.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has the potential to affect the mental health of health-care professionals in several adverse ways, owing to a multifactorial, unprecedented volley of evolving factors. It may contribute to the elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and worry among the personnel on the frontline, who are often affected by medical and psychosocial factors, including pre-existing illness, scarcity of resources, uncertainty of outcome, prolonged working hours, lack of consensus, prevalent societal misbeliefs, prevailing stigma, and a constant threat to safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to screen health-care professionals for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and worry during SARS CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was designed based on Patient Health Questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder-7. It was disseminated through web-based and mobile-based social networks, thereby keeping in line with the social distancing and lockdown protocols. Results: Two hundred and fifty-seven participants were included in the study. Anxiety and depression were present in 23% (n = 59) and 16.8% (n = 43) of participants, respectively, most cases being mild in intensity. Nearly 56.4% (n = 145) of the participants reported that they were worried about COVID 19 pandemic, major cause of worry being risk of family and friends to be infected by COVID 19. About 40.9% (n = 105) participants reported sleep disturbances. Nearly 33.5% (n = 86) of participants reported increase in their smoking/alcohol consumption during lockdown. Conclusions: A significant proportion of health-care professionals experienced worry, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Having clear guidelines, policies and procedures, training on infection control measures, occasional drills and being able to maintain communication with family members while in quarantine can go a long way in reducing worry and psychological impact of pandemic on health-care professionals.